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 Breaking Spiritual Strongholds and Healing the Wounded Spirit: Dealing with Root Causes (book by Eric Gondwe)
Chapter 7. Personality’s Role in Influencing our Spiritual Health
Intro: “Whatever is right, whatever is pure…think about such things” This chapter predominantly uses secular approaches in addressing matters related to our inner makeup. However the secular principles shared are so crucial in helping each of us understand ourselves and our place in this life. These principles are from the secular academic field of psychology. There is nothing wrong or sinful about the secular academic world in its non-infiltrated context. It’s matters that contradict or undermine the bible that are no, no for us. If disciplines from the secular academic world were evil then all of us Christians need to go back to the Stone Age type of living. No school, no reading, no technology and tools invented by the secular academic world. The only thing worth returning to in the Stone Age era is our diet and eating habits. Their diet consisted of whole natural foods, free from genetic modifications, commercial production chemicals, unhealthy preservatives, you name it. It disturbs me to see fellow believers criticize anything that does not have a bible verse to it. To them anything worth teaching must have a bible verse with it. With such a narrow minded approach they end up depriving believers from a lot of beneficial and useful principles that do not contain bible verses. The principles may be beneficial to the body of Christ spiritually, socially, materially, or physically. The first benchmark for allowing matters that the bible does not specifically cover is on whether or not the matters contradict or undermine the bible. If they don’t contradict or undermine the bible they pass the first test. “Finally, brothers, whatever is true, whatever is noble, whatever is right, whatever is pure, whatever is lovely, whatever is admirable—if anything is excellent or praiseworthy—think about such things,” Philippians 4:8. The second benchmark for allowing matters that the bible does not specifically cover is on their level of reward or benefit they bring to our Christian lives –spiritually, socially, materially, and physically. If they are very beneficial they pass the second test. “Everything is permissible"—but not everything is beneficial. "Everything is permissible"—but not everything is constructive,” 1 Corinthians 10:23. In relation to healing the wounded spirit and maintaining spiritual health some principles from the field of psychology pass the two tests. It is such that I’ll be focusing on in this chapter. First it’s worth looking at our unique makeup from a biblical perspective. Understanding our unique makeup from a biblical perspective Before we were born God already had a purpose for each of us. He predestined each of us to come on this earth. Scripture says we have been “predestined according to the plan of him who works out everything in conformity with the purpose of his will,” (Ephesians 1:11). So he made us in a particular way to suit the purpose he had for each of us. The parents we were born to was his design, our sex, physical and personality attributes, and so on, are not an accident. Each one of us is therefore in God’s design. Inside that design God has all the details about his plans for us - the right career (ministry), workmates, the right spouse (or singleness), friends, areas of residence per period, number of children and so on. He works out his agenda in his unseen ways. He does it to even a greater extent for us Christians since we’re specifically his children. A wise parent is committed to nurturing his children in the best possible way. God as our heavenly father has the best plans for us his children. Sometimes we can be anxious or restless about what’s ahead of us. This happens when our focus turns away from him and we start focusing on ourselves as determinants of our destiny. The best way to determine our destiny is to entrust our lives into his hands and continue doing our best in areas that we’re responsible for. He’s responsible for more than our share. God says to every one of us, “I know the plans I have for you, plans to prosper you and not to harm you, and plans to give you hope and a future,” (Jeremiah 29:11). There’s therefore, only one reason for every individual’s existence – to fulfill God’s plan for his life. Outside that, life is meaningless, a mere struggle and wilderness of trials and temptations. No amount of fame, social status, money and power can bring a sense of fulfillment outside God’s plans. In that design God gives us certain abilities or talents. Each one of us is therefore gifted in one area or another whether we know it or not. There’s something we find easy to excel in. We also enjoy committing ourselves in that area. We can even volunteer to assist without any reward or work for endless hours without any stress. More content available in the Second Edition of the book: Click here to acquire it Our uniqueness using secular principles: The Four Temperament Theory Florence Littauer is gifted in this area of helping people to understand their inborn and learnt personality attributes. She has written extensively on this subject. Her most popular book is, Personality Plus: How to Understand Others by Understanding Yourself. She uses the four temperament personality theory. It is an ancient personality analysis that categorizes people into four types. Some Christian authors like Tim Lahaye have claimed to trace the theory from the Bible in the book of Proverbs. However, this only served to put Lahaye in a lot of criticism from many in the body of Christ. Tim Lahaye was actually the earliest Christian advocate to resurrect the ancient four temperament personality theory. His book, Why You Act the Way You Do, became a popular reference in Christian counseling circles. I’ve read it and find it very informative. It’s fun to read too. It is only where the bible is used as backing the theory that there is a problem. It’s fitting to categorize bible personalities into personality types. This is not unscriptural. Where it’s not fitting is to claim that the theory is from the bible. However this is not a major error compared to many false teachings circulating in the body of Christ. Lahaye received too much criticism on a matter that was blown out of proportion. The four temperament personality theory is part of personality theories in the secular academic field of psychology. It is among the many personality theories in the field of psychology. It is in the category of “Personality Type” theories of personality. The following is a list of the categories of personality the major theories in the field of psychology: - Personality Type theories
- Personality Trait theories,
- Behavioral Personality theories
- Cognitive Personality theories
- Psychoanalytic Personality theories
- Humanistic Personality theories
- Biopsychological Personality theories
Personality Type theories classify people into different types of behavioral characteristics. For example the four temperament personality theory classifies people into four different personality types. Another among the Personality Type theories is one that puts people into two types. It is called like the Introversion and Extraversion theory. Other Personality Type theories like the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) have more complex classifications and measures. Advantages of the four temperament personality theory The four temperament personality theory has many advantages. - It helps in understanding oneself. Understanding yourself is one of the most liberating experiences in your life. It brings an awareness about your individuality which helps you appreciate yourself. Instead of wishing to be like someone else who may have a personality you admire you realize you actually have admirable personality traits as well.
You realize that you’re a set of admirable strengths while also having unpleasant weaknesses. You realize that it’s the same for everyone else out there. There are no perfects. The only perfection is to strive to maximize the expression of your strengths while striving to minimize the expression your weaknesses. As a Christian this is important. Knowing your strengths helps you to cooperate with God in effectively using the natural gifts he has entrusted you with. Knowing your weaknesses helps you to cooperate with God in effectively preventing your weaknesses from hindering you. - It helps in interpersonal relationships and behavior. The principles in the theory help to relate with others in personal, verbal, and emotional circumstances. It is a communication facilitator. By understanding the different makeup of people you’re able to relate with others in a better way.
For example, if some are detailed oriented and you’re not you’ll be able to relate with them at their level or at least in a negotiating way than by being irritated by their “strange” detail needs. This type of accommodation and understanding of others is helpful in intimate relationships and in other social relationships, like in work or school settings. It also helps in conflict resolution skills. - It helps in guiding career choices. Though not the only guide a personality self appraisal helps in pointing to some career preferences related to one’s personality.
As Christians the Holy Spirit is our primary guide. It is not strange to find the Holy Spirit guiding a person in a career area related to one’s personality. For us Christians any career is a ministry. It is a profession through which God is able to use us in being vessels to show his nature through us. His nature through us in our various forms of ministry is expressed through our conduct, our diligence, our concern for others, and where there is an opportunity our witnessing to others. In addition, it is through our primary areas of ministry (work) that our financial earnings come from. The way we use our financial earnings for the various needs, whether for personal or corporate interests, determines where our hearts are –to the interests of God and fellow humanity or to our own interests. - It helps in understanding oneself in dealing with your emotions. Emotional health is guided by understanding. Although emotions are separate from reason or the mind, they are guided by the mind.
Try screaming in a public square if you drop your cell phone. Your mind says it’s not appropriate. When you drop it at home you may even yell at the phone – at least some personalities have this tendency. Having an understanding of your unique self therefore helps in dealing with your emotions. Your mind takes an active role in controlling the various emotions going inside you. Your mind takes an active role by you purposely deciding or working on your emotions to go toward a desired direction. This is better than yielding to the sometimes irrational whims of emotions. Understanding your unique self therefore helps in exercising your emotional strengths while minimizing your emotional weaknesses. It gives you a sense of direction rather than mere guesswork. More understanding of yourself helps you gain what some call emotional judgment, emotional intelligence, and emotional health.
- Disadvantages of the four temperament personality theory
- Its biggest disadvantage is that it’s limited. This is what gives fuel to a lot of its critics. However most academic inquiry is limited. The field of medicine is both art and science (and big money business in our time). Should its limitation be the basis to abandon it? No.
- It is very stereotypical. The theory places people into boxes of personality types. In real life we’re all very unique in our combination of personality traits and behavior. The only consolation is that the theory states that we’re all a unique combination of various levels from any of the four types. It is the support for the unique combination of traits each of us has that makes the theory more acceptable.
The four temperament personality theory Now that we’ve covered on the makeup of the four temperament personality theory we can focus on its nature. The theory says each one of us has one major personality type and at least one minor one. The major one is the most dominant that people can easily describe us by. The minor one is the one we know ourselves and people close to us. The four personality types are: 1) Sanguine, 2) Melancholy, 3) Choleric and 4) Phlegmatic. 1. TRAITS OF A SANGUINE STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES 1. Outgoing, sociable Undisciplined 2. Inspires allegiance Easily influenced 3. Sincere Restless 4. Positive attitude Disorganized 5. Responsive to others Undependable 6. Talkative Loud 7. Enthusiastic Promotes self 8. Seldom worries Exaggerates 9. Compassionate Fearful, insecure 10. Generous Unproductive 2. TRAITS OF A MELANCHOLY STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES 1. Natural talent Moody 2. Analytical Negative 3. Perfectionist Critical 4. Conscientious Resists change 5. Loyal Self-conscious 6. Organized Unpredictable 7. Idealistic Revengeful 8. Sensitive Lacks self-confidence 9. Self-sacrificing Unsociable 10. Self-disciplined Theoretical 3. TRAITS OF A CHOLERIC STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES 1. Determined Unsympathetic 2. Independent Inconsiderate 3. Productive Resists regulations 4. Decisive Cruel, sarcastic 5. Practical Doesn’t give recognition 6. Goal-oriented Self-sufficient 7. Optimistic Domineering 8. Willing to risk Opinionated 9. Self-confident Proud 10. Willing to lead Cunning 4. TRAITS OF PHLEGMATIC STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES 1. Calm, quiet Unmotivated 2. Easygoing Unexcitable 3. Likable Avoids conflict 4. Diplomatic Spectator 5. Efficient, organized Selfish 6. Dependable, stable Stingy 7. Conservative Stubborn 8. Practical Self-protective 9. Reluctant leader Indecisive 10. Dry humor Fear of risk More content available in the Second Edition of the book: Click here to acquire it Our uniqueness using secular principles: Introversion and Extraversion This section will cover on the Introversion and Extraversion theory of personality in relation to healing the wounded spirit and maintaining spiritual health. Each of us, regardless of having or not having wounds has some combination of introversion and extroversion. The degree of introversion or extroversion varies from person to person depending partly on hereditary factors and partly on upbringing factors. No trait is better than another. They complement each other. The extreme flaws or spiritual wound effects of each trait are both as destructive. Introversion Introversion is a tendency to be shy, inward drawn and interested in one’s thoughts and feelings than in other people or external events in the world. People with a high degree of introversion are characterized as introverts. They are said to be shy, quiet, less sociable, sensitive, cautious, constantly in deep thoughts and minding their own soul-searching business. Extroversion Extroversion is the opposite of introversion. It is a tendency to be self-confident in public, outgoing, social, friendly, and interest in things outside oneself than interest in inner feelings or thoughts. People with a high degree of extroversion are characterized as extroverts. They are said to be uninhibited with other people, sociable, friendly, outgoing, impulsive and many times in a jovial mood to please others. These terms from the secular academic world of psychology are quite simplistic in describing our make-up. However quantitative research has shown the nature of extreme negative flaws that characterize each of the two traits. The extreme flaws are called the weakness tendencies of each trait. In our Christian context we can call them effects of spiritual wounds on each trait. Spiritual wounds predisposed to extroverts The extreme negative flaws that characterize extroverts are usually opposite to introverts. They are more outward than inward. They include anti-social behavior, inability to care on doing what’s right, violence, aggression, criminal behavior, prostitution, and so on. Some extroverts may have extreme tendencies that are predominant among and characteristic of introverts but this is an exception rather than the norm. Having such tendencies could be due to having a high combination of introversion traits. At their worst level of spiritual wounds extroverts end up harming other people, being a problem to society, and in prison if law enforcement agents take action. Needless to say that the human law enforcement system is desperately lacking in enforcing its authority on people that harm others through direct or indirect means such as greed, exploitation, harmful illegal drugs, detrimental and immoral products, services, music, films, etc. If many of these sinful acts that harm others could be prosecuted and deemed morally unacceptable there would be more people punished for adversely harming others. Many super rich would be among them. “Now listen, you rich people (that amassed wealth inappropriately), weep and wail because of the misery that is coming upon you…Look! The wages you failed to pay the workmen who mowed your fields are crying out against you… You have condemned and murdered innocent men, who were not opposing you,” James 5:1,4,6. So the human legal and ethical system has many loopholes. The Lord’s spiritual legal system on the other hand is flawless. His word even says he will hold all accountable on Judgment Day. This includes violators who, without his mercy, walked away scot-free from the human legal system. In seeking rectification where wronged we, as Christians, have the Lord as our Judge. He knows the outcome of every matter in our lives. In addition, the angels, God’s spiritual law enforcement agents, are always ready to enforce his spiritual laws. They are far more thorough in taking action than human law enforcement agents (police, legal system, etc). God ensures that matters intended to work against us are either blocked by his angels or are ultimately made to work to our good. We’re able to seek his intervention with our spiritual weapons of war that are far mightier than human weapons (like arguments, lawsuits, physical confrontation, war, and so on). With punishment and vengeance ultimately being in his hands and power he is able to ensure the guilty are punished or mercifully have their eyes opened. Spiritual wounds predisposed to introverts The extreme flaws that characterize introverts include nervous and mental diseases that include depression, schizophrenia, worry and anxiety disorders, excessive perfectionism, feelings of inadequacy, hopelessness, mental illnesses and so on. At their worst level introverts end up under psychological care, in metal hospitals or attempt suicide. Some introverts may have extreme tendencies that are predominant among and characteristic of extroverts but this is an exception rather than the norm. This could be due to having a high combination of extroversion traits. Why are introverts more prone than introverts to have spiritual wounds of such nature? Lucinda Bassett, from Midwest Center for Stress and Anxiety says it is because introverts are very analytical. They are natural born thinkers who have a tendency to analyze and ponder on matters –spiritual, social, economical, scientific, etc. This is a natural gift they have because they have the mental energy and commitment to go an extra mile in using their minds. However, when this energy of thinking and analyzing is turned inward it easily turns into negative energy. The introvert begins to overanalyze matters that everyone goes through or are not new under the sun, and which others do not easily allow them to bring their spirits down. The analytical and introspective traits of introverts can develop into unhealthy tendencies of perfectionism and sensitiveness. Common imperfections and ups and downs of life can easily break the inner strength of some introverts and cause them to break down. Severe experiences are even more so unbearable to such who want everything in life to work perfectly smooth. By learning to see the world in its fallen state and overcoming the compulsion for perfection introverts nursing a wounded spirit can be able to deal with life’s obstacles in a positive way. Healing becomes automatic. Instead of destructive or negative thinking and analysis a constructive or positive thinking approach to matters in life can lift up one’s spirit into a whole new experience of life. It can open new levels of faith, hope, experiences and opportunities that would never have been realized during the time of being preoccupied with the past or any imperfections. In psychology the tendency toward negative thinking is called call neuroticism. A person with this tendency is referred to as neurotic. Many that are stuck in a cycle of destructive or negative thinking and analysis are actually very intelligent and talented people (though many don’t know that). Universities and history itself has a long list of the smartest at some point suffering from mental disorders. When self-inflicting introverts overcome their destructive approach, cease playing the low self esteem and negativity inner songs many can find themselves in the most fulfilling careers, positions, outreach work, marriages, you name it... Developing their attitudes and perceptions on life can help them express the many talents they already have (though many don’t even know what they have). A cloud of witnesses in heaven are cheering for them to utilize their gifts and make a difference in this world. It’s often said that our attitude more than our aptitude determines our altitude in life. Our attitude in the spiritual sense is faith in action. “By faith the people passed through the Red Sea as on dry land; but when the Egyptians tried to do so, they were drowned,” Hebrews 11:29. What would otherwise drown somebody can be a path to success for a person of faith (positive attitude). It’s also said that, “All the water in the world won’t sink a ship - unless it gets inside it.” How we react to matters in life, not the matters themselves, influences how we’ll navigate our way forward. The unpleasant water is all around us. Our challenge is to insure it does not get inside our boats of life. Other spiritual wounds predisposed to introverts More content available in the Second Edition of the book: Click here to acquire it Our uniqueness using secular principles: Cognitive Personality Theories Cognitive Personality theories emphasis mental, cognitive, thought or mental aspects of a person as main determinants of personality. They focus on mental or cognitive processes such as thinking, perception, attention, learning, remembering, concept formation, problem solving, and verbal behavior. Cognition is basically the act of using the mind in the various ways that include thinking, perception, and so on. Thus it sees the mind as a processing system, like a computer’s. For a person to understand himself and his personality, Cognitive Personality theories argue that a person needs to understand his/her mental cognitive processes such as thinking, perception, attention, remembering, and so on. Cognitive Personality theories are the focus in a psychology field known cognitive psychology. Here is a definition of cognitive psychology by: “Cognitive psychology is concerned with information processing, and includes a variety of processes such as attention, perception, learning, and memory. It is also concerned with the structures and representations involved in cognition. The greatest difference between the approach adopted by cognitive psychologists and by the Behaviorists is that cognitive psychologists are interested in identifying in detail what happens between stimulus and response. “…The mind has structural and resource limitations, and so should be thought of as a limited capacity processor,” (Michael R.W. Dawson, PhD, “Cognitive Psychology,” University of Alberta, Department of Psychology) Cognitive Personality theories are used in combination with Behavioral Personality theories in counseling by secular psychiatrists. When combined they become Cognitive Behavioral Personality theories. Psychiatry counseling using the combination of cognitive and behavioral personality theories is known as Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT). CBT and its offshoots will be covered in the chapter on healing through secular approaches: “Healing the Wounded Spirit: the Secular Approach.” Our uniqueness using secular principles: Behavioral Theories Behavioral Personality theories or just Behaviorism focus on behavior in understanding personality. Instead of looking at unseen mental aspects like cognitive psychology Behavioral Personality theories focus on the seen behavior to determine the personality of a person. Specifically they focus on the influence of external stimuli or external cause factors on one’s behavior. Thus using behavioral personality theories to understand yourself you ought to focus on your behavior in relation to how you react to various external factors. For example, we react differently in a situation of an accident. Some run for protection, others remain on the scene to help people seek protection, others freeze on the scene until someone helps them, some just watch, others go on minding their own self-centered business while ignoring what took place, and so on. The same incident yet people behave differently and all in varying degrees. A strategy I may suggest for using behavioral personality theories to understand yourself is to combine it with the four personality temperament theory covered earlier. Knowing your strengths and weaknesses outlined by the four personality theory helps you to monitor behaviors you consider worth changing to move forward. You may then use its conditioning principles for changing behavior. The most noteworthy conditioning mechanism is called Operant Conditioning. It will be covered shortly. It is this focus on behavior that has made behavioral personality theories popular in secular counseling circles. Counseling using behavioral theories is known as Behavior Therapy. Behavior therapy uses various behavioral principles like reinforcement, rewards, punishments, and so on, in treating behavioral and emotional difficulties. This process is known as conditioning in the field. The two main types of conditioning of behavior are Operant Conditioning and Classical Conditioning. Classical Conditioning is sometimes called Pavlovian or Respondent Conditioning. Operant Conditioning in particular can be helpful even for self-treatment of bad habits and unpleasant emotional responses. “Operant conditioning is the use of consequences to modify the occurrence and form of behavior. Operant conditioning is distinguished from Pavlovian conditioning in that operant conditioning deals with the modification of "voluntary behavior" through the use of consequences, while Pavlovian conditioning deals with the conditioning of behavior so that it occurs under new antecedent conditions. “Reinforcement and punishment, the core tools of operant conditioning, are either positive (delivered following a response), or negative (withdrawn following a response). This creates a total of four basic consequences, with the addition of a fifth procedure known as extinction (i.e. no change in consequences following a response). “It’s important to note that organisms are not spoken of as being reinforced, punished, or extinguished; it is the response that is reinforced, punished, or extinguished. Additionally, reinforcement, punishment, and extinction are not terms whose use are restricted to the laboratory. Naturally occurring consequences can also be said to reinforce, punish, or extinguish behavior and are not always delivered by people. * Reinforcement is a consequence that causes a behavior to occur with greater frequency. * Punishment is a consequence that causes a behavior to occur with less frequency. * Extinction is the lack of any consequence following a response. When a response is inconsequential, producing neither favorable nor unfavorable consequences, it will occur with less frequency. “Four contexts of operant conditioning: Here the terms "positive" and "negative" are not used in their popular sense, but rather: "positive" refers to addition, and "negative" refers to subtraction. What is added or subtracted may be either reinforcement or punishment. Hence positive punishment is sometimes a confusing term, as it denotes the addition of punishment (such as spanking or an electric shock), a context that may seem very negative in the lay sense. The four procedures are: “1. Positive reinforcement occurs when a behavior (response) is followed by a favorable stimulus (commonly seen as pleasant) that increases the frequency of that behavior. In the Skinner box experiment, a stimulus such as food or sugar solution can be delivered when the rat engages in a target behavior, such as pressing a lever. “2. Negative reinforcement occurs when a behavior (response) is followed by the removal of an aversive stimulus (commonly seen as unpleasant) thereby increasing that behavior's frequency. In the Skinner box experiment, negative reinforcement can be a loud noise continuously sounding inside the rat's cage until it engages in the target behavior, such as pressing a lever, upon which the loud noise is removed. “3. Positive punishment (also called "Punishment by contingent stimulation") occurs when a behavior (response) is followed by an aversive stimulus, such as introducing a shock or loud noise, resulting in a decrease in that behavior. “4. Negative punishment (also called "Punishment by contingent withdrawal") occurs when a behavior (response) is followed by the removal of a favorable stimulus, such as taking away a child's toy following an undesired behavior, resulting in a decrease in that behavior,” (Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., Wikipedia, “Operant Conditioning”). Combined with cognitive theories Behavioral Personality theories make a good team. One focuses on changing the way of thinking or cognition while the other focusing on changing the way of behaving. Psychiatry counseling using the combination of cognitive and behavioral personality theories is known as Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT). CBT and its offshoots will be covered in the chapter on healing through secular approaches: “Healing the Wounded Spirit: the Secular Approach.” More content available in the Second Edition of the book: Click here to acquire it Breaking Spiritual Strongholds and Healing the Wounded Spirit:
i. INTRO: Breaking Spiritual Strongholds and Healing the Wounded Spirit
Chapter 1. Our Triune Nature: Spirit, Soul and Body
Chapter 2. Nature of Spiritual Strongholds: In the Mind, Emotions and Will
Chapter 3. The Nature of a Wounded Spirit, Crushed Spirit, or Broken Spirit
Chapter 4. Deception, the No. 1 Doorway for Spiritual Wounds
Chapter 5. The Other Three Sources of Spiritual Wounds and Strongholds
Chapter 6. Effects of a Wounded Spirit (Broken or Crushed Spirit)
Chapter 7. Personality’s Role in Influencing our Spiritual Health
Chapter 8. Healing the Wounded Spirit: The Christian Approach
Chapter 9. Healing the Wounded Spirit: With Secular Approaches
Chapter 10. The Enemy Within: Breaking Strongholds Hiding in Our Lives
Chapter 11. Maintaining a Healthy Spirit and Embracing God's "Plan B"
Chapter 12. Overcoming Guilt, Guilty Conscience and Self-Condemnation
Chapter 13. Deliverance from Demonic Experiences and Demonic Manifestations
Chapter 14. Deliverance and Healing from the Occult, Witchcraft & Satanism
Appendix 1. Cognitive Biases: How we Think Inside our Boxes
* Breaking Strongholds Book References
* Breaking Strongholds Book Index Breaking strongholds & healing wounded spirit book 1: Breaking Spiritual Strongholds and Healing the Wounded Spirit
©2008 Eric Gondwe
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